Hydraulic transmission



y 1949- A. DUNN ET AL 2,

- HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION Filed Jan. 5, 1946 I "k 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 x Q I 83 Q Y leigl flann, A Gel a6 6. 457472614 y 1949. A. DUNN ET AL HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION 2 Shqets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 5, l946 amen M Hfberf Dunn Patented May 3, 1949 EWRAUHG A 113 91? Albert Dunn and Odus C. Elland,

' Mount Rainier, Md.

A li at n Janua 5, 6'- s la No- 6 322 5 Claims.

This invention relates to a. hydraulle transmission and it ls primarily an object of the invention; to provide such a mechanism including a vclutch of. an over runnlng type and also one which permits rotation of theifdrtving shalt when the driven shaft is subjected to overload as may result from a d w k o lsew ve d a It is a an M et '9'! he le n ea to Pro d a mechanism of this klnd eornprislrlg a driving shaft and an aligned shalt andupon wh'ieh Shafts 1S mower vfer lx llalwi!.dw otat o t e em d an 19 @8 3; ie is dr v b h v n shaft at a great the d i arm he ex wit mea s h n t casing whereby, ass/result vu; the action of a fluid h n the a in h d v n ham ill be operate ith suc were: 1 s ed wit r t to e' l n fibe a ma wl ttra Overloading the driven shaft.

it is a. still further object of the invention to r vi e a e ea oi th sk nsl n vr e n rivi saw a e was shan wenedione with e ect to t e h r. ta ether with a casing mounted on said shafts for rotation therearound and wherein. t e r 'gls. driven by the d iv n shaft at a speed 1;: excess of the'speed of rotation. of the driving shaft, together with rotating vanes i 'e t w s a ded bribe driven ha and rotated y h firivln h lt a d vane being subjected to the actionof a fluidwlthln the casing to area unitary rotation of the drlylng shaft and driven shaft.

The lnvention coneists in the details of conmc a d i the eembinat fla and r n een 0f the ee1 Pa t 9 mp yl- 1 an mis ive wmwb fi lai mmrta dvauta a e Palace il -W1 b h rei af more fully set forth."

In rder the? 9m inv utlm m b he er understood, we now proceed to: describe the m w h ra aem 9 t e aeeemp nvina d we when-la;

ure 1 e evm calsretiena vl w'n somewhat of a d as ammatis ha ad illu r a trans. e lqn wasteland $1 ee l l e iw wi h n bodirnent. ofv the invention, certa'ln of the parts me n e-em Fig e 2 isa sectional j r v I v w'taken substantially on the line 2-4 of Figure-1; and l e1 speed of rotation than Figure 3 is a seotionalfvlew taken substantially on the line 3-8 ofFilllre 1,

As illustrated in the accompanying drawings, D denotesa driving shaft operated Ir'om any desired source of power and wh le-h is aligned wlth a suitably mounted d-rlyen shalt 3.

Freelymounted on the adjaoent or opposed end portions of theshartsb ends is a closed casing C of required dimensions and which contains a charge-F of fluid whlch,"when the casing C ls'at a.

standstill, fills substantlallyone-halt thecasing'.

We do not, however, wish to he understood as'llm lti-n ourselves toany "eirafl; quantity or lluld as such amount may be vgirled'as desired.

T e ea i he casing c thm i h he shaft D passes at the axial center" thereof has fixed therewithan' outstanding hearing q. for the shaft I. This bearing. 1 extends within an adja cent gear hous lr g'fl, rigidly supported in any desired manner-within the housing Fixed to this hearing a for rotation therewith. is a pinion or gear 2 which constantly meshes with a larger pinion or gear 3 rotating with an idler 'shatt l supported within the housing H parallel with the The shaft 4' also fixedly carries a seeond. plni'on or' gear 5 which meshes with a plnl'on or gear 6 keyed to the driving, sh'aitl) for rotation therewith but having movement longitudinally thereof. The ratio of these plnlonsor gears 6, 5, I and 2, and particularly of the pinions or gears 2 and 3; is such that the: casing C' may be caused to rotate at a speed faster than: the speed of rotation of the shaft D, said increased speed. being preferably substantially 25 per cent although this may'fhe varied as the requirements at practice may deem more expedient. v

The casing C is cylindrical. in form. and the peripheral wall 1 thereof is providedthereacro'ss and at suitably spaced: points cireumferntially therearound with the inwardly dl-rected; fixed van-es or blades 8, the extremities of which are continued by the inwardly and radially dlsp'osed supplemental blades 9..

The end portion of the shaft sv-withln the casin C has. fixed: thereto the spaced dlsks ill; The peripheral portions of the disks at equidlstantly spaced points therearound; rotatably support the; shafts l l which bridge the space: between the disks I'll. Each of theshatts H carries the outstanding and radially disposed vanes l2 fixed to the shafts H. The number of vanes may be varied as preferred and it is to be noted that the vanes carried by the shafts H are of the same number. The shafts H extend beyond the disk I!) opposed to the head I of the casing C and said extended portions of the shafts II have fixed thereto the planetary gears M which constantly mesh with a large sun gear [5 fixed to the inserted end portion of the shaft D within the casing C.

The pinion or gear 6 is adapted to be shifted in any preferred manner, as indicated at l6 and the opposed faces of the gears and pinions 2 and 6 are provided with c'oa'cting clutch elements or teeth I! which may be made to interlock upon shifting of the pinion or gear 6 toward the pinion or gear 2. During the period of interlocking of the gears or pinions 2 and 6, the gear or pinion 6 will be entirely free of the gear or pinion 5 and the shaft D and the casing C will be connected for unitary rotation.

When the gear or pinion 6 is shifted to its outer position, as illustrated in Figure 1, it meshes with the gear or pinion 5 and the casing C is rotated through the gears or pinions 3 and 2 but at an axial speed greater than that of the shaft D.

Upon starting the shaft D-or when the shaft Disidling, the resultant agitation of the fluid F within the casing C will not offer sufficient resistance to the shafts H, which are revolving anticlockwise, to effect rotation of the shaft S. However, as the speed of the shaft D increases, theresultant centrifugal action'upon the fluid will cause the fluid to coact with the bladesor vanes-8 and 90f the casing and the vanes [2 to resist the anticlockwiserotation of the vanes H2. The greater the speed of the .shaft D, the greater the resistance to the vanes I2, the faster the rotation of the driven shaft S. When the fluid resistance to the anticlockwise turning vanes l2 bring such movement to a stop, the speed of the shafts D and S will be the same or the shaft S will be at high speed.

It is believed to be apparent from the foregoing that when the shaft S is subjected to overload, as may result from excessive drag, added work or any other cause, no hindrance or obstructionwill be offered to the continued rotation of the shaft D. 1

It is also believed to be apparent that the vanes i2 yield such leverage in their action of retarding the pinions or gears M with respect to the gear l5 that the driven or output shaft S may be given a working speed that will not slip beyond the intended degree under variations of load on the shaft S.

When the resistance to the anticlockwise rotation of the vanes 12 is beyond that degree to hold the vanes against such anticlockwise resistance, the vanes I2, together with the pinions or gears M, will rotate clockwise and the resultant riding of the planetary gears l4 around the sun gear I5 will result in an increased rotation of the shaft S.

We claim:

1. A hydraulic transmission, comprising a drive shaft, a driven shaft in alignment therewith, a circular fluid container mounted upon and concentrically with the two shafts, a bearing secured to the container and having the drive shaft passing therethrough and rotatable therein, a plurality of groups of rotatable vanes supported within the container upon and secured to the driven shaft to travel therewith in a circular path, a plurality of radially inwardly extending fixed blades carried by and within the container across the rotating groups of vanes outwardly of the path of travel thereof and extending radially inwardly at opposite sides of the groups, a sun gear secured to the drive shaft within the container, a plurality of planetary gears meshed with said sun gear and each connected with a group of vanes to impart rotation thereto from the sun gear, a gear secured to said bearing and rotatable freely about the drive shaft, and a speed change gear train connected between the drive shaft and the last mentioned gear for effecting the rotation of the container at a speed different from the shaft, said container being designed to hold a fluid. I

2. A hydraulic transmission of the character stated in claim 1, wherein one of the gears of said gear train is longitudinally shiftable and adapted for direct driving connection with the said last mentioned gear to establish a direct drive between the drive shaft and the container.

3. A hydraulic transmission comprising a drive shaft, a drivenshaft aligned therewith, a closed container for holding a fluid rotatably mounted upon the two shafts, a plurality of rotating groups of vanes within the container mounted upon and coupled to the driven shaft to travel in a circular path with the driven shaft, an-operative connection between the drive shaft and the groups of vanes to rotate the vanes in a direction opposite to the circular travelof the groups of vanes, and radially inwardly extending fixed blades carried by and Within the container and extending there-' across, said fixed blades extending outwardly of the path of travel of the groups of vanes, the said operative connection between the drive shaft and the groups of rotating vanes including a gear mounted on and for rotationwith the drive shaft, and means connecting the drive shaft and said container to rotate the container from the drive shaft at a greater speed' than the speed of rotation of the drive shaft. l

l. A hydraulic transmission'comprising a drive shaft, a driven shaft aligned therewith, a closed container for holding a fluid rotatably mounted upon the two shafts, a plurality of rotating groups of vanes within the container mounted upon and coupled to thedriven shaft, to travel in a circular path with the driven shaft, an operative connection between the drive shaft and the groups of vanes to rotate the vanes in a direction opposite to the circular travel of the groups of vanes, and

radially inwardly extending fixed blades carried by and within the container and extending thereacross, said fixed blades extending outwardly of the path of travel of'the groups of vanes, the

said operative connection between the drive shaft and the groups of rotating vanes including a gear mounted on and for rotation with the drive shaft,

and means rotating with the drive shaft and operatively connected between the drive shaft and container to selectively effect either direct drive between the drive shaft and container or to rotate the container at a greater speed than the speed of i the drive shaft.

5. A hydraulic transmission comprising a drive shaft, a driven shaft aligned therewith, a-closed container for holding a fluid rotatablymounted upon the two shafts, a plurality of rotating groups of vanes within the containermounted upon and coupled to the driven shaft to travel in a circular path with the driven shaft, an operative connection between the drive shaft and the groups of vanes to rotate the vanes in a direction opposite to the circular travel of the groups of vanes, and radially inwardly extending fixed blades carried REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

Number Number UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Swart Jan. 5, 1926 Wohlenhaus June 18, 1940 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Italy Mar. 25, 1927 Great Britain Sept. 11, 1931 France Oct. 26, 1922 

